Pinocchio Essays - Pinocchio, English-language Films,

Pinocchio The book that I am doing my oral Book Report on is The classic Book, Pinocchio. The Author of the recreated Masterpiece is Carlo Collodi, the Illustrator, is Greg Hilderbrandt. The Publisher is The Unicorn Publishing House in New Jersey. The copyright is in 1986. This book is a classic. Short Summary Pinnochio, before becoming his puppet form, is a simple block of wood, which an unfortunate lumberjack by the name of Cherry comes across and decides to make a fire with him, Pinocchio in the small shack of the lumberjack, cries out in protest of being thrown in the fire. The lumberjack, who was a very spiritual fellow though that some thing had inhabited his cabin before realizing that his block of wood was crying in his hand. At that very moment there was a knocking on the door and in came Geppetto, better known as Polendina by the neighbourhood boys because of his very bright yellow wig. Anyways Geppetto came in and asked the burly lumberjack if he could have a piece of wood, because that morning he had an impulse to make a puppet. The lumberjack agreeing and relieved to find a way of getting rid of the piece of wood and handed it over immediately, but just as the two hands transferred the wood the piece of wood cried out "Pollendina"! Geppetto outraged at being ca lled this scr eamed at the Cherry for he did not know that the wood had said it, so %Cherry then said that the wood had said that, Geppetto furious struck Cherry for thinking he was a imbecile and a huge fight occurred. After the fight the two men got up and shook hands and promised to be friends forever. As soon as Geppetto got home he began work on the puppet and as soon as he had finished the mouth he decided to name the puppet Pinnochio. The puppet then started to laugh for no apparent reason, Geppetto was beginning to get angry. So he finished up the rest of Pinnochio's body and just as he was rummaging an old chest for some small clothes Pinocchio jumped up and ran out and away. Geppetto then ran after the puppet and caught him in the middle of a road, as he scolded Pinocchio a crowd gathered and some of them said that Geppetto would harm the puppet when they got home so Geppetto was sent to jail and Pinnochio ram away from the ca rbineer he was in and set foot for home. When he entered the small room he noticed a voice talking, the voice was the talking cricket. The cricket advised him to go to school and called him an Imp for not wanting to go, Pinocchio in his rage threw a hammer at the poor cricket and "SPLAT" that was the end of the cricket. Pinocchio then dozes of in front of the fire and sleeps overnight in warmth. The next morning he sees his legs are gone and starts to cry. Just then Geppetto gets home and demands the door be opened but Pinocchio legless cried out his situation. Geppetto did not believe until he had climbed up the ladder and seen himself. Sorry for the puppet Geppetto then made Pinocchio a new pair of legs. Geppetto then feeling sorry for Pinocchio gives him his breakfast of three pears. Then Pinocchio promises to go to school, Geppetto then goes out and sells his coat so that he can buy Pinocchio a spelling book. Pinocchio, on his way to school, heres music and excitement and heads towards it's direction curious. It lands up to be a fair and Pinocchio wanting to go in to see the puppet show sells his spelling book for admission. Inside the theatre he sees other puppets. Inside the puppets see Pinocchio and run to him and pick him up on their shoulders because all the puppets loved Pinocchio. Their master Fire Eater demands to burn a puppet so his meal will get hot. Pinocchio begs for no one to be burnt and is granted his wish. Fire Eater after hearing Pinocchio's sad story about his father selling his own coat so he may go to school. Fire Eater in his pity gives Pinocchio five gold pieces and tells him to take them to his father. Pinocchio is enormously grateful and heads on his way home. On the way he meets a fox and a cat and they tell him about a valley where when you plant your

Technical Writing Essays

Technical Writing Essays Technical Writing Essay Technical Writing Essay Technical Writing Name: Course: Institution: Instructor: Date: Technical Writing 1). Proposal To: XYZ company To: Manager From: Human Resource Date: Subject: Proposal to write a Bureaucracy Elimination Guide Introduction I am writing to propose writing a manual of procedures and instructions of eliminating bureaucracy within the organization to be followed by all the employee of this company. This manual is going to lay down instructions that can be used to move from a bureaucratic structure in the organization to a devolved one that allows faster decisions making, implementation of strategies, as well as allowing innovations and facilitating time efficiency to improve production and performance of the organization as well as a reduction of costs. Definition of the situation Having a manual of procedures would solve several problems such as the following that have reduced performance of the company: Unnecessary workloads in the company due to many processes Dissatisfaction among the internal and external customers Sluggish implementation of operations, ideas and decisions Monotony among workers When there are unnecessary processes within the company, there is wastage of valuable time that could be used for more production. Production is achieved through a number of processes, which are assigned to different people across the whole company. It is necessary that all processes within the company be designed to add value to the company’s products and reduce wastage of time. Although attempts to go through the processes faster have been made, we still waste a lot of time with them. Too many processes that increase workloads cause dissatisfaction among workers or internal customers, who in turn extend their dissatisfaction to the external customers. When there are too many workloads that hinder workers from getting the work done, it takes time to serve the customers, who are left quite disappointed. When there are many processes that increase the workload for the workers only manage to do very little with too much effort, hence there are minimal achievements. When there is need to implement new ideas and operations for the betterment of the company, it becomes almost impossible because of processes put in place. There are too many hierarchical authorities within the company, and too many paperwork, and meeting to check that all rules and procedures have been followed to the letter. This makes it hard to implement any change or new idea to the company since the process is too long and unnecessary. Too many processes such as paperwork and authorities require handing in everything for approval, which makes it a routine even for very simple operations. Repeating the same operations everyday and going through many processes that are unnecessary builds up monotony among the workers, taking down their morale to work. More so, they lack any authority to act on themselves, further lowering their morale since they are only there to follow rules and procedures. Objectives The manual of procedures will provide employees and the management of the company with easy to follow steps in reducing the bureaucracy that has bound our company, preventing it from performing. Eliminate unnecessary processes that build up unnecessary workloads Increase satisfaction among the internal and external customers Increase the speed of implementing decisions, ideas and programs Eliminate monotony among workers and create a devolved hierarchy of authority. Through following the manual of processes will lead to a better company with a chance of growing fast and creating better working environment for the workers to satisfy customers, and even a culture that encourages innovation. Proposed Table of Contents Through relying on my extensive experience and a vast range of skills and knowledge, I will write a manual of processes to be followed to eliminate bureaucracy. The manual is going to have several sections as follows: Identifying and defining all the tasks involved with getting results Rank the tasks according to their priorities Finding the shortest root to the result Eliminating the unnecessary paperwork Reducing the processes/ eliminating some of the processes Delegating authority across the company Making decisions Focusing on actions instead of processes Among the sections, there will be subsections with much more detailed information for specific operations and processes. Schedule The manual will require several tasks to acquire the necessary information, which shall include: **Carrying out interviews with department managers and supervisors ** Getting more information from workers concerning the operations and processes as well as work itself ** Gathering information from previously written rules and regulations concerning the current procedures and policies of the company Gathering information from other competing companies concerning their processes for benchmarking** **Writing the fast rough draft of the manual** **Formatting and editing the draft** **Testing the draft through issuing it to few professionals for review and comments** **Revising the draft to include any necessary changes suggested** **Printing the draft** **Producing a final copy for submission** I intend to submit the manual of processes on March 28, 2012. The following is a breakdown of the timeline of the tasks involved and their completion dates Writing the fast rough draft: Feb 25-22 Formatting and editing the draft: Feb 26- 29 Testing of the draft: March 5-10 Revising the draft: March 12-16 Printing the Draft: March 19- 23 Producing the final copy for submission: March 25-26 Submitting a final draft: March 28 Qualifications There is no person better qualified to write this manual than I am. Having worked for more than seven years in this company within several positions, I have experienced the effect of having bureaucratic systems in the organization. I have experience in writing technical papers of about 18 month, which I gained before joining this company. In addition, I am very proficient in the Microsoft word publisher, which I will use to write the manual. In addition, I am well equipped with the necessary facilities for the project, considering I have a personal computer and printer at home to work with and also at my office. Personnel I will be working closely with the overall supervisor, whom I believe has had a lot of experience from supervising all the departments and knows all the problems associated with each of them. He will also be involved in reviewing the draft considering e is among the supervisors. Budget The project will cost roughly a total sum of $1292 to complete, with the distribution of expenses as follows ItemAmount $Salary for writer (20 overtime hours @ $20)400.00Salary for 10 reviewers (5 hours each @ $17)850.00Printing fee for 25 pages @ $1.20 each page)30.00Binding fee @ $ 1212Total $1292 Conclusion This manual will assist all the managers and supervisors as well as workers in concentrating on action-oriented tasks that produce the results, than focusing on processes of ensuring rules are followed to the letter. Upon your approval, the manual can be complete for implementation by March 28, 2012 at a minimum cost of $1292. Thank you for your consideration, and I look forward to hear from you. 2). Project Workshop Created by Human Resource Manager March 28, 2012 Table of Contents Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. IV Defining tasks †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..1 Define processes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 Create project teams †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 Sort processes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Involve all people †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 Identifying desired results †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 Reviewing objectives and goals †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 Identifying tasks for each results†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 Getting the shortest means †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 Ranking the tasks †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Identifying mandatory tasks †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 Facilitating tasks †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 Eliminating the unnecessary paperwork †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 Identifying all the paper work†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..11 Identifying repetitive paper work †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Paper work in between processes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 Automating paper work †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..14 Eliminating unnecessary processes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..15 Identifying unnecessary processes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15 Identifying which ones are needed †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦16 Eliminating the processes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.17 Delegating authority across the departments †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..18 Selection of people to issue with authority †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..18 Giving instructions †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦19 Monitoring †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.20 Making decisions †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦21 Defining the problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.21 Identifying a solution †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦22 Implementing the decision made †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..23 Focusing on actions †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.24 Informing everybody †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.25 Eliminating obstacle †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..26 Make a plan †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.27 Build confidence †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.28 Motivate people †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.29 Introduction Looking at the history of this company when it was started, there were many rules and policies put in place. These rules and policies were meant to protect the company from fraud issues through reporting according to the policies and following the processes put in place to ensure every detailed operation is documented for security purposes. At the start of the company, almost five decades ago, this was seen as the best way of ensuring accountability of the workers. However, things have changed since other companies have been established and competition has stiffened. The newer companies adopted an organizational structure that advocates for innovations and seeking to serve the customers in a better way. They adopted a devolved structure and a central information center where every department can have access in order to make informed decisions. However, our company has remained in the old bureaucratic structure, where processes are given more priority, instead of results. We have con tinue to suffer loss of customers and market share, and coming up with strategies of solving such issues has been met with difficulties because of the policies and rules that have to be followed, ,making it hard and time consuming to implement them. Continuing with this kind of structure is only going to bring the company to its end in the next few years considering we are already starting to incur losses. This manual of processes seeks to solve these problems and ensure our company is back on track to compete like the others within the industry. The processes and rules within the company have become an end to themselves, instead of being means to get results done. We spend almost 65% of our time dealing with paperwork, waiting for approval and ensuring every operation is approved documented, including the simple tasks. More so, we are using rules and policies that were made long ago when the company started, while the policies within the market are so dynamic, changing everyday, while we only make very little change. It seems we are Mack timing around the same rules and policies. This manual provides processes that if followed will help us in eliminating the unnecessary rules, policies and processes within the tasks such as documenting different papers for different departments. The manual also provides processes that can be used to create a central information center, to ensure that al departments have access to information for informed decision-making. Currently, all decisions are made by your office, making it hard to do many tasks when you are unavailable. The manual has provided processes that can be used to overcome some of the unnecessary processes, how to identify them and eliminate them. It starts by providing specific way of identifying all the tasks that are carried out in the company to achieve results in the departments. This will then help identifying which tasks are more related to achieving the result, and separates them form paperwork and the rules. Then basic tasks of achieving the results are assessed to help in finding out what tasks are not necessary. The manual then looks at the processes undergone in production, from procurement to end results until delivery to the customers in order to find out what processes are not necessary and can be eliminated. The manual also addresses the issue of decision making within the company and the best way of delegating to enhance devolvement within the company. Defining all tasks This part will deal with the first step towards eliminating bureaucracy, which is defining all the tasks carried out within the company and the processes they have to go through before they are completed. Defining tasks The first step towards eliminating bureaucracy within our company is defining and identifying all the tasks carried out within the company before any result is achieved within the company in the departments. This can be done by asking all the employees to define what they do in a typical day, and the routine they take upon entering work in morning. defining processes Every process within the company needs to be defined at all the departments. Again, this should be done by the employees, who will define the processes they go through before a task is completed. This will help in identifying those processes that are not very important, or those that are repeated severally. create project teams The purpose of these project teams will be to help in the identification of what can pass as bureaucratic and what does not. These teams should be made across all departments to help in the process of this project. sorting the processes After identifying the tasks and processes within every task, the project team should come in to identify the most important processes and those of lesser importance, as well as those that can be done away with. To do this the teams will require representing the processes and actions in flow charts to have a visual of all the processes. This can be done through starting with the first process to every task, such as procurement, where processes start at seeking a quotation of goods required, to having them delivered in the stores department. involve all workers Considering the workers are the ones involved directly in the production work, they should be involved in identifying activities that are not very necessary. Those that can be dealt with in a better way that saves time and reduces processes, and those that are not necessary at all. In our company, majority of activities involve seeking approval, documenting almost all the activities and following procedures laid by the strict rules, which are not easily flexible. Such activities should be identified as less necessary to action. Through following this process, activities that can be dealt with in better ways can be identified, such as paper work can be reduced using computerized records. The process shall also help in identifying processes that can be eliminated in order to reduce the amount of workload. Identifying desired results In this section, desired results are the focus, with the aim being to know what the company would like to achieve. This way, tasks associated with achieving the desired results can be identified easily through looking at the goals and objectives of the company. Reviewing objectives and goals After identifying all the activities and tasks, all the desired results should also be identified. This can be done though reviewing the goals and objectives of the organizations that are already set, since they are the guidelines to the desired results. Identifying tasks for each results After identifying the desired results for the company, the tasks associated with each result should be identified. This should be done through looking at all the processes in every task, and aligning them with objectives. For instance, if the objective of production department is to increase production by 10%, they should look at what tasks should be done to meet this objective. Getting the shortest means After identification of tasks associated with each desired results, the shortest means to the result should be defined. This should be done through considering only actions that are directly involved in getting the results. This way, it will be easier to know what would be the shortest means to achieving the task. Some of the tasks can be done faster if some of the processes were eliminated to allow continuous work without interruption by paperwork. For instance, with the sales department, having to go through approvals is not necessary. The shortest route to selling goods to the customer is having a record of finished goods ready for sale. Then goods can be made available to the sales department, where customers only need to pay for the goods, and get them immediately while invoicing comes in later. After identifying the task, we should focus on getting it done, rather than focusing on following processes and rules that might make it harder to achieve the results. The shortest way should be sought. Ranking the tasks This part will deal with ranking the tasks and processes in the order of their importance in terms of achieving the result. After identifying and defining all the tasks and activities, representing them in a flow chart diagram, a ranking should be done of what tasks and activities come in fast, or those that are mandatory. Identifying mandatory tasks There are some tasks that are mandatory, or the basic ones concerning production of results, which provide the company with revenues such as production itself. Activities associated directly should be ranked as first. facilitating tasks Other tasks that have to be there are those facilitating auditing and records keeping for accounts and finance department. The organization should define what the goals of the company are in order to find out what tasks are more important. Some record keeping has to be there for the purpose of administration, management and finance as well as auditing purposes. Within these processes, the most important among them should be ranked first. However, some can be done in better ways such as making records at specified times. Eliminating the unnecessary paperwork This section deals with the elimination of paper work, which is one of the time consuming activities that can be dealt with through other means. Identifying all the paper work All the paper work in every process and task should be identified and put down in a flow diagram as the first step. Identifying repetitive paper work Some paper works are repeated severally for purposes of records in all the administration departments. They should be identified as some of the paper work to be eliminated. Paper work in between processes any paper work that comes in between the basic processes or activities meant to get work done should either be eliminated if not necessary, or should be dealt with using other means Automating paper work Some of the paper work require filling in several forms that carry the same information to be used within the different departments. Such paper work can be avoided through having an online or offline recording of data, where every department can have access to the information they require from the different departments. This would mean having a central database where all data is stored. This way, a process that involves filling in several forms with the same information can be eliminated since a computerized storage can be duplicated easily without time wastage. One form entered through the computer can be shared or re-used by all departments through re-entering the data easily than having to fill out forms manually. More so this will reduce irreversible errors involved with paperwork since with a computer it can be corrected. Automating paperwork will reduce time wastage by a big margin. Elimination of most of the paper work will be equal to part of eliminating unnecessary processes at every task. More so, automated paper work can replace almost all the paper work except where a signature is required. Eliminating unnecessary processes This part concentrates on the elimination of some of the processes that might not be necessary. There are several processes to every task in the company, with most involving several approvals before the next activity is done. Within this approvals there is a lot of paper work where signing has to be done. There are many steps and rules put across for every task, and all make it hard to complete work in time. identifying unnecessary processes For those processes that cannot stop the actual work from going on when they are not done as the action goes on, should be identified and marked. identifying which one are needed Some of these processes may not be needed, especially those that are repeated several times. After delegating authority, approval processes should be eliminated from the higher management for most of the usual operations. Such processes should be identified eliminating the processes For those that are identified as unnecessary, they should be eliminated as long as they add no value to the results or operations within the company. Some of those that are repeated severally can be dealt with through other means. For instance, those requiring approval of the higher offices can be done once upon completion of a task instead of approval at every progress. This should be done by involvement of the teams appointed. While going through these processes, one can ask why they have to do them, and whether they are necessary. Several approvals at every stage can be avoided through allowing one approval of a certain task if it has to remain. Delegating authority across the departments This section focuses on delegation of authority, where people should be empowered in the various departments across several positions to ensure authority is not so much centralized. The management office has become blockage, where everything has to be approved before anything moves ahead. Many project and operations are paused while waiting for your approval. Many paper works requiring approval wait at your office, and when you are not available, many things seem to stop. In addition, some operations requiring several approvals seem to be coming back to your office several times, creating more delays. To enable fast and continuous flow of work, it will be necessary to delegate authority across the departments to ensure that decisions can be made at the lowest level possible where the actual work is happening. This will involve: Selection of people to issue with authority Within the different departments and positions, there should be selected a person to lead each team. The selected people should be among those with experience and leadership skills to lead the rest. Giving instructions: Giving instructions to the selected personnel on what to do in every situation will ensure people do not just use their imagination upon receiving authority. More so, this will ensure they are accountable and responsible. Monitoring: After giving authority to the selected people at different positions, monitoring should be done. Monitoring can be done to ensure instructions are well utilized and understood by everybody including those who will be under the selected people. After ensuring they know how to use the authority, allow more authority to enable them work independently while reporting their work at scheduled times. Making decisions This sections concerns making of decisions within the company, where despite being moved lower to the actual work, should not be delayed. All decisions should be made as need arises, without delaying. Delayed decisions make things even slower, since nothing can go on without a decisions having been made. Defining the problem The first step in making decisions is defining what the problem is. This helps in knowing how it can be dealt with since its impact is already known. Identifying a solution After defining the problem, several solutions can come up. Then a review of the solutions should be done to ensure the best option of found, one with least repercussions, but with best results. Implementing the decision made After identification of the best solution to the problem, implementation of the decision made should not be delayed even for a while. Rather, people within the problem area should be given the authority to implement it immediately. During decision-making, they should be involved too. Using this method ensures there is a sure way of making decisions, and not just by one person, but a team that has better capability of making the decisions faster without delay. For decisions that can be made without your presence, acting on them immediately as they arise would be best for everybody, to ensure continuous flow of work. With this kind of process in decision-making, it will be possible to eliminate delays and bureaucratic processes requiring approval from the highest office. In addition, people near the action have better information that is needed for making the decisions. Focusing on actions This section is on focusing on action rather than processes that waste time within the company having to go through so many. When there is more focus on actions than processes and documentation, there is more production and performance. informing everybody Upon deciding on focusing on action, or making it the first priority, all members of the organization should be informed to take more actions than focusing on processes. eliminating obstacle Any obstacle or distractions that come in the way of result-oriented actions should not be considered as top priority, but dealt with after action is already done with. This can be done through focusing on first priority activities, and those that are marked as less important should be tackled later. make a plan For every action that is supposed to be done by a particular person, there must be a plan that helps in organizing the way to go about the actions of the day. Many people waste time due to lack of planning their day. Everybody should be having a plan of the actions to do in a day, putting the first priority activities first, and the rest later, or in an organized way such as time for actions, and some time for documenting all the action together rather than having to document each action at a time. build confidence Many people will hesitate in doing something that is not approved for fear of losing their jobs or receiving punishment in case, they go wrong. The employee confidence should be built up, which can be done through giving them some more training on working independently. More so, this should also come in together with delegated authority to people holding important positions at the lower levers to allow easy decision making. motivate people To make it clear that actions are the first priority, motivations such as rewarding and appraising should be used for those who perform well, such as getting promotion. This will send a message that actions are more proffered than following long procedures and paper work. With focus on action, more production will be achieved from the time saved. Te appointed teams for this project should be involved through out the processes to ensure that the change does not occur at top only, but to every body in the organization in order to change the whole company. At the end of this process, bureaucratic processes shall be eliminated, and the important ones dealt in a better way. This will allow faster decisions and implementation since such decisions will be made at the lower levels that are concerned with the actual work. 3) Letter of Transmittal To: Angela ChiltonAssistant Professor of EnglishTarrant County College, Northwest Campus4801 Marine Creek ParkwayFort Worth, Texas 76179 Dear Angela: In responding to our agreement on the start of the previous month, I am submitting the fully completed manual of processes, which is entitled A Guide to Eliminating Bureaucracy at XYZ Company. The purpose of this manual is to act as a guide in eliminating bureaucratic structures and processes within XYZ Company in order to enhance efficiency. This manual provides explanations of processes that can be followed to ensure a smooth transition from the bureaucratic processes, to an action-oriented company geared towards achieving competitive results. In addition, the manual also provides explanation on how to reduce some of the processes within the company that end up taking much of the time yet they are not action oriented, hence pulling down performance. Finally, it gives a few guidelines on how to change the way the company deals with some of its processes to make them less time consuming as well as efficient. The project was in response to the falling performance of the company, which needed to restructure itself back to profit making, or else it would be shut down in few coming years. There were very strict rules within the company that acted as an end to them selves instead of means to achieving results. In addition, there was very little authority at the lower level where it was needed the most, leading to workers having to seek approval; of almost all their activities. The project gives guidelines of how to delegate authority to empower people to act independently, which I believe encourages innovations since people can use their imagination tailored to the needs of the company. In addition, many people do not love paper work, rather, action is more interesting for them, hence with authority, which everybody would love to have action is more guaranteed considering some of the tedious workloads are eliminated. In completing this project, I enjoyed a few things in the process of writing the manual. One time was during interviews with workers who were quite dissatisfied with their work place because of unnecessary processes, and being just subjects to rules ad regulations. Most of them described their work with such sarcasm that only made it enjoyable, other making fun of their typical day, citing they act just like bees, moving from one office to the other with papers, but unlike bees, there was hardly any significant amount of honey made from these trips. Completing this project improved my skills as a writer greatly, considering that I had a lot of hard times starting with the real work of writing, especially selecting a topic that I would enjoy. I realized that introduction is one of the hard things to write but upon writing it, everything else comes easily. As a writer, I can now complete other project without much difficulty, considering towards the end I all the work was progressing with ease, knowing what words will come next and having a clear flow of mind during writing. Above all else, my manual in the company was received with mixed reactions form all sides. For the top management, parting with power was hard, and supported all ideas except delegation. However, through persuasion that without authority at lower level there will be no change, the top management too, received the manual warmly. On the other hand, the workers at lower level, especially those involved in the actual work were quite happy to know that some processes might be eliminated. In general, is helping the organization in shedding off the bureaucracy. Currently, production and performance has shown signs of improvement as the workers start to embrace the ideas gradually, through at a good pace. In case of any questions concerning the project, I am available to answer all of them as well as make clarifications that you might need. I can be contacted through my usual email, telephone number as well as my cell phone, which are as following: Yours sincerely Signature: Name:

Année

Differences Between French Pairs Like An/Annà ©e The French word pairs an/annà ©e, jour/journà ©e, matin/matinà ©e, and soir/soirà ©e can be confusing to students because each pair has a single English translation. The important thing to understand is that the difference between the words in each pair has to do with two different ways of considering time. The short words an, jour, matin, and soir (note that they are all masculine) indicate a simple amount of time or division of time. For the purposes of this lesson, well call these division words. Je suis en France depuis deux jours. Ive been in France for two days.Il est fatiguà © ce soir. Hes tired this evening. In comparison, the longer words annà ©e, journà ©e, matinà ©e, and soirà ©e (all feminine) indicate a duration of time, usually stressing the actual length of time. Ill call these duration words. Nous avons travaillà © pendant toute la matinà ©e. We worked all morning.Elle est la premià ¨re de son annà ©e.* Shes the first in her year/class. *Though annà ©e is feminine since it begins with a vowel you have to say son annà ©e (not sa annà ©e) Division Words vs. Duration Words Here are some general rules about when to use division words vs. when to use duration words, as well as some important exceptions. But if you consider them carefully, youll see that the exceptions follow the basic differences outlined above. Use division words with: 1. Numbers, except when you want to emphasize the duration or when the word is modified by an adjective. Un homme de trente ans.   A 30-year-old man.Il est arrivà © il y a deux jours. He arrived two days ago.Dans trois ans, jaurai terminà © mes à ©tudes. In three years, Ill have finished my studies.Jà ©tais en Afrique pendant trois annà ©es, pas deux. I was in Africa for three years, not two.Ils ont passà © sept merveilleuses journà ©es Paris.   They spent seven marvelous days in Paris. 2. Temporal adverbs demain matin tomorrow morningtà ´t le matin early in the morninghier soir last night Use duration words with: 1.de a descriptive noun lannà ©e de base base yearune journà ©e de travail de huit heures an eight-hour workdayles soirà ©es dà ©tà © summer evenings 2. with nearly* all adjectives, including: attributive adjectives lannà ©e scolaire the school year indefinite adjectives certaines annà ©es certain years interrogative adjectives preceded by a preposition en quelle annà ©e in which year possessive adjectives ma journà ©e my day However, note that an/annà ©e is far more flexible than the other pairs; for last year you can say lan dernier or lannà ©e dernià ¨re, next year can be lan prochain or lannà ©e prochaine, etc. Except for demonstrative adjectives, which are used with division words: cet an - cet an que jai và ©cu en France that year - that year that I lived in France (But when talking about the current year, say cette annà ©e - this year.) ce jour - ce jour oà ¹ nous sommes allà ©s au musà ©e this/that day - that day we went to the museumce matin, ce soir this/that morning, this/that evening The indefinite word tout has a different meaning with division vs. duration words; it is an indefinite adjective with division words and an indefinite pronoun with duration words. tous les matins, tous les jours every morning, every day vs. toute la matinà ©e, toute la journà ©e all morning, all day Note that when referring to the day of the week, you need the division word: Quel jour est-on? Quel jour sommes-nous? What day is it?Vendredi est le jour de la fà ªte. Friday is the day of the party.

Assignment 1 & 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

1 & 2 - Assignment Example Major organizations have established public relation department which focuses on how to impress the society. As much as strategies are usually applied to improve the public relation, ethics and company policies are the major influences. For example, if a child loses their life in a school compound, the public reaction towards the school would be very negative. The society will view the institution as an enemy to the community. With years the public relations are becoming difficult to improve. The society’s priorities towards organizations and institutions are increasing. This may be attributed to increased business ventures and the exposure to information. In schools the situation is the same. In the modern century school’s public relations should also be improved (Kowalski, 2010). 1. The implementation of PR is faced by several shortcomings. These shortcomings are based on understanding, accepting and acting. These barriers tend not to help in the influencing of the public’s perception towards the institution. Barriers to accepting are the barriers that prevent the public from accepting the PR implementation policies. According to Kowalski (2010) this barrier may be influenced by both internal and external factors. On internal factors, the institution may by having problems in influencing an ethical environment. The internal causes are mostly influenced by the conduct of the staff and administrators. If the institution has an appropriate PR implementation strategies and the conduct of the administrators is unethical, the public may find it difficult to accept the PR implementation policies. External factors are based on the fact that the public is exposed to many similar competitors. The institutions incentives may be not good enough to fulfill the pr iorities of the public hence they fail to accept any PR offering. A barrier to acting is the barrier that prevents the public from fulfilling their part as

Preliminary International Marketing Report Research Paper

Preliminary International Marketing Report - Research Paper Example It is no big doubt that it is hard for external products especially from the developing nations to sell in the American economy (Scott, 2010). Two articles: Smartphones in the U.S.: Market Analysis and Samsung GALAXY S4, S4 Active and S4 Mini, Companions for every business attempts to explain how the Samsung, a Korean company has struggled to win over the smartphone American market. The company has faced stiff competition from American local smartphone manufacturers and other foreign companies that are also struggling to penetrate the market. Samsung announced the release of its Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge at the beginning of the year 2015. This is the newest and latest version of the Samsung Galaxy S series with some added traits into the global market. The company confirmed that the smartphone has created a difference on the Galaxy S6 that is curved on the edge. The company notes that the design change is aimed at creating a supplementary screen space allowing of notifications (Scott, 2010). The two articles presents various theories regarding business and penetration capacity of business into a region. Conquering of the American market in the smartphone section special recognition and specialization in terms of market segmentation, cultural issues, target markets and apposite tackling of barriers. The process of smartphone packaging, features, design elements and competition factors are considerable inputs that must be placed in action, market entry methods, legal issues, and ethical issues. The American and South Korean trade relationship is typically good and has been a conducive recipe for business growth between America and South Korea. American or U.S culture is dominantly a western culture, but Korean culture has dominance of dominance Asian culture influence. The American economy is bigger and more powerful than the Korean economy. Korea has teamed up with most developing nation to promote international treaties and respect laws regulating

Fetal Pig Dissection Essay Example for Free

Fetal Pig Dissection Essay -Three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth that secrete saliva; the parotid, submandibular (sub maxillary), and sublingual glands The parotid is the largest and most easily visible of all the salivary glands. The sunbmaxillary is bean shaped and located under the bigger parotid gland. The submandibular gland lies near the jaw line. Glottis -The opening between the vocal cords at the upper part of the larynx. The epiglottis is what covers the glottis during swallowing, to block food/water form getting in the trachea. Epiglottis -The function of the epiglottis in a pig is to prevent food from going into the trachea. Epiglottis is attached to the entrance of the larynx and is made of elastic cartilage. The epiglottis projects up through the soft palate into a region called the nasopharynx Thymus Gland -Gland located near the heart; produces several hormones which stimulate development of cells important in immmunity Thyroid Gland -Endocrine gland located below the voice box; it produces hormones which control metabolism. The thyroid gland is darker and lies between the posterior ends of the two lobes of the thymus gland. Esophagus -Muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach. The esophagus is dorsal to the trachea. Vocal Chords Lungs -To breathe, oxygenize blood Bronchi At end of trachea, branches for air to enter lungs. Stomach Digests food, breaks it down Small Intestine Finishes digestion, absorbs nutrients, moves food to large intestine Large Intestine Larger tubular structure that receives the liquid waste products of digestion, reabsorbs water and minerals, and forms and stores feces for defecation Rectum A short tube at the end of the large intestine where waste material is compressed into a solid form before being eliminated; straight, posterior part of large intestine Cecum The cecum houses a large number of bacteria that help in digestion of plant materials, mostly cellulose, that remains undigested in the stomach and small intestine. Appendix Evolutionary remains of a larger cecum Anus It allows the pig to release waste Liver Organ that makes bile to break down fats; also filters poisons and drugs out of the blood Pancreas Gland that produces hormones that regulate blood sugar; produces enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids; and produces sodium bicarbonate, a base that neutralizes stomach acid Spleen Organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells

Siddhartha: The Journey for Inner Peace and Happiness Essay -- Hermann

     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Siddhartha by Hermann Hesse is about a man's journey to find inner peace and happiness.   He first decides to try to seek peace by following the Samanas, holy men.   Then he seeks happiness through material things and pleasures of the body.   After this path fails to provide him with the peace for which he searches, he follows Buddha but soon realizes that Buddha's teaching will not lead him to his goal.   Siddhartha finally finds peace when Vasudeva, the ferryman, teaches him to listen to the river.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hermann Hesse was a German author and poet born in 1877.   Both his parents and grandparents were missionaries.   His Grandparents were missionaries in China and India-thus began his fascination with the Oriental and Indian culture.   "From the time I was a child, I breathed in and absorbed the spiritual side of India just as deeply as Christianity" (Ziolkowski 147).   His parents' piety had a great impact on him as well as his exposure to oriental culture (Baumer 23).   This fascination led to his study of oriental philosophies and literature.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From 1911 until 1912 he traveled in India "in search of peace and timelessness beyond the world of western man" (Archie 5).  Ã‚   He experienced disappointment, however, because the India that had for so long fascinated him was now "too much profaned by commercial efficiency" (Baumer 44).   Soon he realized that "the peace he was seeking and the India he was seeking were not to be reached by ship or train" (Baumer 44).   There was some benefit that came from his journey to India, though-he had the inspiration for Siddhartha on this journey.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hesse uses triadic rhythm to tell the story of Siddhartha (Ziolsowski 54).   Siddhartha goes through three stages.   The first is the... ...ies the path of the Buddha, but this path also fails to lead him to the secret of   inner peace.   In one last attempt to reach the third level and achieve peace, Siddhartha   goes to the river to learn its secrets.   By learning the secrets that the river holds within its   depths, Siddhartha finally reaches the level of totality (Ziolkowski 58).    Works Cited Archie, John G.   "Hermann Hesse’s Siddhartha: An Open Source Reader" January, 2006. Web 27 April 2025. http://philosophy.lander.edu/oriental/siddhartha-1.pdf Baumer, Franz.   Hermann Hesse.   New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1970. Field, G.W.   Hermann Hesse.   Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1970. Hesse, Herman. Siddhartha. Dover Publications, 1998. Ziolkowski, Theodore.   The Novels of Hermann Hesse: A Study in Theme and Structure. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965.   

Keystone XL Pipeline: A Risky Venture Essay

Throughout history, The United States has been much reliant upon oil rich countries for liquid fuel necessities. Current economic conditions warrant a domestic alternative, since oil is currently referred to as ‘black gold’. In recent years, pipelines have become a substantial transportation factor for liquid fuels throughout Alaska and the lower 48 continental states. Promises by President Barack Obama have given Americans the hope that one day the United States can be energy independent. Currently this is not plausible, but many believe the Keystone XL pipeline could lessen the dependency of foreign oil and produce many needed jobs within the United States. Controversial matters have led a Presidential Permit for the project to be declined due to the project currently not being in the nation’s best interest. Many debates have taken place over this decision and politics have become a key focal point. Some claim it is due to special interest groups, others claim i t’s due to environmental matters. Regardless of the politics involved, the construction of the Keystone XL Pipeline would be too  environmentally detrimental and costly to pursue. In 2005, the Keystone Pipeline System, labeled ‘Keystone XL’, was introduced by TransCanada following an expected production increase of crude oil from the Oil Sands region of Alberta, Canada (Parfomak, Pirog & Luther, 2013, p. 3). The expected cost of the Keystone XL pipeline would be set at seven billion dollars, with total distance of underground piping at 1,702 miles (Casey-Lefkowitz & Shope, 2011, p. 2). The pipeline would connect Alberta, Canada to advanced refineries in the Gulf Coast of the United States (Parfomak et al. 2013, p.1). Since the proposed pipeline system would connect the United States with a foreign country, a Presidential Permit would be required to determine if the pipeline was in the nation’s best interest (Montopoli, 2012). In 2008, TransCanada applied for a permit to cross the international border with the proposed pipeline system and was subsequently denied due to the State Departments insufficient time for review and environmental issues with the proposal (2012). In 2012, TransCanada submitted a reconfigured proposal that would connect the pipeline from Alberta, Canada to an existing pipeline in Steel City, Nebraska. Again, this proposal was denied by the President with a response from the State Department that the pipeline was currently not in the nation’s best interest (Parfomak et al. 2013, p. 2). Many legislative methods to support the pipeline were addressed by Congress that in turn would transfer approval authority, although none thus far have been successful (2013, p.3). President Barack Obama has been under public scrutiny for his decision in denying the permit by many respected members of government in favor of the pipeline. According to the Washington Post, Obama donor and billionaire Tom Snyder wrote an open letter stating that â€Å"Obama to reject pipeline or face backlash† (Bradley, 2013). Snyder, a self-proclaimed environmentalist has been linked to big oil by amassing a large portion of his fortune through investments in TransCanada’s competitor, Kinder Morgan (2013). Republicans, such as frontrunner Mitt Romney, went on record by saying â€Å"it shows a President who once again has put politics ahead of sound policy†, and â€Å"if Americans want to understand why unemployment in the United States has been  stuck above 8 percent for the longest stretch since the Great Depression, decisions like this one are the place to begin† (Montopoli, 2012). Struggles for and against the pipeline by members of government and special interest groups have led this decision to be viewed as politically motivated. With that being said, evaluating individual pros and cons concerning the project are necessary in order to justify whether or not the project should move forward. Achieving energy independence is what President Obama stated that the United States is seeking to accomplish. To achieve this goal, the United States will be required to fulfill these necessities through domestic sources and renewable fuels. The U.S. Energy Information Administration estimated that by 2040, only 16 percent of U.S. energy will be generated by renewable fuels (Bradley, 2013). Although independence from renewable fuels may be too far off to determine, the Keystone XL Pipeline would create a substantial growth in domestic oil production (2013). Along with increased production comes construction and manufacturing jobs for an estimated 20,000 American workers (2013). Safety advantages from pipelines are also substantial compared to other modes of transporting oil. Low rates are achieved by a low loss and damage record, since weather conditions do not effect pipelines and mechanical failures are rare (Coyle, Novack, Gibson, & Bardi, 2011, p. 273). With piping being completely encased underground, the risk of terrorism and theft is also greatly reduced (2011, p. 273). Care is taken with the use of leak detection systems and aircraft monitoring, since environmental damage, lawsuits and product losses have been issues of the past (2011, p. 276). In 2011, The State Department conducted an environmental impact study noting that annual carbon emissions would increase by only one third of one percent (Bradley, 2013). The American Petroleum Institute also estimated that American and Canadian reserves could provide all of America’s liquid fuel needs within 12 years (2013). Of course this would depend on if current infrastructure could support the increase (2013). Those for the pipeline have argued their case by stating that the pipeline will also assist through stronger relations with neighboring Canada and provide direct access to Canadian crude oil (Parfomak et al. 2013, p. 7). TransCanada themselves  noted that it would be in the nation’s best interest to reduce current dependency on foreign crude oil from Mexico and Venezuela in the Gulf by maintaining adequate crude oil supplies by pipeline for domestic refineries (2013, p. 20). Key issues from major crude oil exporters such as Mexico’s falling production since 2004 and Venezuela national oil company strike has also promoted TransCanada’s proposal (2013, p. 21). With Canada already being the number one import of crude oil in America, one would believe that furthering this relationship, along with lessoning the dependency on unreliable foreign oil would be a logical choice. While those who support the pipeline base their arguments on increasing the U.S. petroleum supply, creating additional jobs and other economic benefits, those who oppose the pipeline are mainly environmental organizations and community groups (2013, p. 18). Their concerns stem from environmental issues, such as toxins, spills, adverse greenhouse emissions and the unconventional and costly method of mining and refining tar sands oil (Casey-Lefkowitz & Shope, 2011, p. 2). Tar sands extraction in Canada is already known for destroying Boreal forests and wetlands, creating high levels of greenhouse gas pollution and producing toxic waste dumps called ‘tailing ponds’ that currently cover around 65 miles (2011, p. 2). The destruction of the Boreal forest is killing many types of species and utilization of the Athabasca River for mining is harming humans as well (2011, p. 2). Tar sands extraction uses large amounts of water from the Athabasca River, and studies have shown that thirteen primary pollutants under the U.S. Clean Water Act, such as led, mercury and arsenic are being released into the river (2011, p. 2). Concerns with the Fort Chipewyan community downstream from the river include increased cancer rates, heart and lung disease, as well as asthma (2011, p. 2-3). Not only is the process more costly than extracting and refining crude oil, but tar sands oil also contains toxins such as bitumen (Swift, Casey-Lefkowitz, Shope, 2011, p. 3). Bitumen, or â€Å"DilBit† is a highly corrosive and acidic blend that contains volatile natural gas liquid condensate (2011, p. 3). Increased risk from the corrosive and volatile substance could pose significant risks of increased spills and ruptures that  could damage communities and fresh water supplies in America (2011, p. 3). Highlighted in the Keystone XL final Environmental Impact Study shows a primary environmental concern by TransCanada stating, â€Å"the greatest concern would be a spill in environmentally sensitive areas, such as wetlands, flowing streams and rivers, shallow groundwater areas, areas near water intakes for drinking water or for commercial/industrial uses, and areas with populations of sensitive wildlife or plant species† (Parfomak et al. 2013, p. 30). Higher operating temperatures and pressure is required to move the thick material through the piping, which could cause leak detection problems and safety issues due to the unstable blend (Swift et al. 2011, p. 3). In correlation, the Alberta pipeline has had approximately sixteen times as many spills than U.S. pipelines due to the corrosive issues of tar sands oil (2011, p. 3). In the first year of the TransCanada Keystone pipeline, there were fourteen spills (Parfomak et al. 2013, p. 31). Although technological leak detection is considered to be efficient, many spills were reported by witnesses and went undetected by release detection equipment (2013, p. 31). Incidence like this have caused much concern over spills since DilBit is a heavy crude mixture that is much more difficult to clean up than regular crude oil (2013, p. 31). Heavy damage to waterways and air pollutant such as benzene caused by spills from the Keystone Pipeline and other pipelines have already incurred (Swift et al. 2011, p. 7). With the proposed pipeline plotted in environmentally sensitive areas such as the Ogallala Aquifer, a pipeline leak would have devastating effects, not to mention immense cleanup cost, time involved and irreparable harm to the environment and communities (Casey-Lefkowitz & Shope, 2011, p. 3). In addition to these possible affects, the creation of this pipeline would not lower the price of fuel to the consumer at the gas station, as fuel prices are based off the national and international market (Parfomak et al. 2013, p. 23). Only big oil would benefit from the pipeline, along with additional jobs to Americans, but would ultimately secure the continued destruction of the Earth. In a public forum in 2010, Secretary of State Clinton stated, â€Å"we’re either going to be dependent on dirty oil from the [Persian] Gulf or dirty oil from  Canada †¦ until we can get our act together as a country and figure out that clean, renewable energy is in both our economic interests and the interests of our planet† (2013, p. 29). The real question is if this pipeline is in our nation’s best interest and the best interest of Mother Nature. Those who stand to make a profit off destroying the planet have voiced their opinions, but the President made the right decision politically and, in the long term, for America. To form a relationship with a company that will incur this type of damage would only encourage more detrimental acts in the future. Although Canadian companies will continue to mine this toxic DilBit and sell it to other markets, the nation should not lock itself into a long term relationship with toxic oil, or oil in general. As Secretar y of State mentioned, the United States is in need of focusing on clean renewable energy and green initiatives that will save the planet and generations of Americans to come. References Bradley, Jr., Robert. (2013). Keystone xl amounts to america’s pipeline vs. president obama’s cronies. Forbes Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/robertbradley/2013/08/20/keystone-xl-amounts-to-americas-pipeline-vs-president-obamas-cronies/ Casey-Lefkowitz, S., Shope, E. (2011). Say no to tar sands pipeline: Proposed keystone xl project would deliver dirty fuel at a high cost. Natural Resources Defense Council. Retrieved from http://www.nrdc.org/land/files/TarSandsPipeline4pgr.pdf Coyle, J.J., Novack, R. A., Gibson, B.J., & Bardi, E. J. (2011). Transportation: A Supply Chain Perspective. 7th edition. South Western College Publishing. Montopoli, Brian. (2012). Obama denies keystone xl pipeline permit. CBSNews. Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-57361324-503544/obama-denies-keystone-xl-pipeline-permit/ Parfomak, P. W., Pirog, R., Luther, L., Vann, A. (2013). Keystone XL pipeline project: Key Issues. Washington, DC: Congressional Researc h Service. Retrieved from http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41668.pdf Swift, A., Casey-Lefkowitz, S., Shope, E. (2011). Tar sands pipeline safety risk. National Resources Defense Council. Retrieved from http://www.dirtyoilsands.org/files/tarsandssafetyrisks.pdf

Mercy Killing or Murder? Essay

It has been exactly one month ago your mother told you she has cancer and it is inoperable. The doctor have her three months to live and told her that the cancer would be very painful and would spread to her brain causing her to be very confused and disoriented. Now you stand before your mother, a mere shadow of the person she once was. She looks at you with tears in her eyes and asks you to do something that you would never consider doing in a million years. Your mother that you love more than life itself has just asked you to help her commit suicide. She tells you she cannot stand the pain anymore and she cannot bear to see the family stand around her crying, hoping and praying that she will get better knowing she will not†¦ What would you say to her? Would you or could you help her? Would you ask the doctor to do it for you? These are just a few questions one would be faced with if put into that situation. On one hand, you want to do whatever your mother tells you to do. However, on the other hand actually you would be committing murder in the eyes of the law. Euthanasia in my opinion should be a freedom of choice because it provides a way for individuals to relieve extreme pain, it allows individuals to die with dignity, and it frees up medical funds to help other individuals. Although, some may conclude that euthanasia would not only be for people who are terminally ill, it would become non-voluntary, and it would become a means of health care cost containment. Euthanasia provides a way for individuals to relieve extreme pain. Many people fear the lingering effects of chronic illness, when pain and the inability to control one’s body reduce the quality of life (Kavanaugh). What person wants to live if their life is nothing but pain from the time they wake up until they fall asleep. Most people who have these life ending illnesses also have to heal with having to have someone take care of them twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. This is where most individuals lose what dignity they have. Poor mental health can be treated- medications, psychotherapy, etc. – whereas terminally ill individuals plagued with excruciating pain death is inevitable (Humphry). What kind of life is it to have someone do everything for you? Basically, these individuals are like life size dolls that have to be bathed, dressed, and feed by someone in order to live. There cannot be many individuals who want to live their remaining days on this earth in that situation. Euthanasia allows individuals to die with dignity. When a person has no quality of life, then they should be able to choose to die because it is unfair to force them to continue living (Smith). It is understandable that someone would rather die than have to wear diapers and have someone there that has to take it off and clean up after them. That is just one of the very many things that cause a person to lose their dignity. Human life is sacred it should not be degraded by reducing the quality of life for the sake of extending the quality of life (Green). Family members also go through tremendous grief watching their loved one day after day suffer. Most individuals will tell you that after their loved one has passed away they are glad they are not suffering anymore. Euthanasia provides relief not only for the individual who is suffering, also for the family members who have to endure seeing their loved one suffer and watch lay in utter embarrassment due to the fact that they cannot control their bodily functions anymore. Euthanasia frees up medical funds to help other individuals. Money saved could be used towards saving people who can be or towards research into why their condition cannot be cured (Flemming). Doctors could be on the brink of discovering a cure to a certain illness but they cannot get the funding needed to continue their research because the money went to keep a few individuals alive who were diagnosed with only a month to live. Is that fair to the parents of a five year old who is waiting for that research to be done so their son or daughter could be able to live a full life, grow old, and have children of their own? It would also help the financial burden that would occur on the remaining family members. An individual staying in the hospital one month could accumulate charges in the tens of thousands of dollars. Millions of dollars of taxpayer’s money is spent keeping alive and caring for many people who are just waiting in hospitals to die (Humphry). Can you imagine the research doctors could do with that kind of money? Maybe if a few of those who were diagnosed with only a month to live and wanted to end their life had the freedom to do so, doctors could use the money saved and put it towards finding a cure for whatever that individual was dying from. Who knows, maybe the next person that came along with that illness would be cured due to the fact that a few certain individuals choose to end their lives by euthanasia. Euthanasia would not only be for people who are â€Å"terminally ill. † The legalization of euthanasia would be devastating because it would have mentally ill and depressed individuals that do have some hope of recovery wanting to end their lives (Weir 58). Individuals who are depressed might at that very moment think they want to end their life. Nevertheless, what about a few days later when things do not seem so awful. That individual may not choose euthanasia. Depression, in my opinion should not be a factor in someone wanting to end his or her life. The reason being is that when someone is depressed they may feel like they do not want to live another day, but the next day they might feel very different. That is the problem with someone being diagnosed with depression. One day they may want to die, the next day they may feel like they are on top of the world and want nothing more than to live. An article in the journal, Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior, described euthanasia guidelines for those with a hopeless condition, â€Å"hopeless condition† was defined to include terminal illness, severe physical or psychological pain, physical or mental debilitation or deterioration, or a quality of life no longer acceptable to the individual (Braddock). How can any guidelines be set due to the fact that everyone’s idea of an acceptable quality of life is different? What you may think is a good quality of life; another individual may think that if they had to live like that they would go insane. There needs to be more research done on these guidelines before they are set in stone. Euthanasia can become a means of health care cost containment. Legalized euthanasia raises the potential for a profoundly dangerous situation in which doctors could find themselves far better off financially if a seriously ill or disabled person â€Å"chooses† to die rather than receive long-term health care (Smith). This concept would put individuals and their families in an awkward position. Knowing you’re going to die in only a matter of months, do you decide to go ahead and end your life knowing the money saved will help someone else, or do you tough it out waiting and hoping that some kind of miracle cure comes in the nick of time giving you another chance at life? Their doctors might course individuals with HMO’s into euthanasia because HMO’s are all about making money (Dyck). No individual should be made to feel guilty about wanting to live, especially by his or her insurance carrier or doctor. No one should be pressured into making that decision especially when they are ill. Doctors take the Hippocratic Oath before they begin to practice. They swear in this oath to protect life, not to try to end it. If doctors start being coursed by insurance carriers this would go against everything they are suppose to believe in. Some doctors in this world who are all about making money and the legalization of euthanasia would give those unscrupulous doctors the perfect opportunity to make more money. Euthanasia will become non-voluntary. Emotional and psychological pressures could become overpowering for depressed or dependent people causing them to opt for euthanasia (Smith). If doctors start suggesting euthanasia to their patients, those patients may feel like the doctor knows what is best for their situation and actually consider euthanasia only because they feel like the doctor is pressuring them. Before the doctor suggested euthanasia, it was not even a considered by the patient. Doctors need to realize what kind of influence that they have over patients before they start suggesting euthanasia, especially when it comes to the elderly. Most elderly people feel as if their doctor that they have been with for years is some kind of â€Å"God† and will listen to and do just about whatever the doctor tells them. If the choice of euthanasia is considered as good as a decision to receive care, many people will feel guilty for not choosing death (Flemming). This is where euthanasia becomes a problem. Euthanasia goes against most people’s religious belief. However, if the doctor is telling them that it is ok, how are these elderly individuals going to be able to make a sound decision? Euthanasia is a very complex topic, one with many doubts and unanswered questions. The question society needs to answer is not: is euthanasia morally permissible (it has tacitly conceded that it is), but which type of euthanasia is permissible, and under what conditions? The power to terminate life, at present, solely rests in the hands of the medical profession and is not exempt from misuse or abuse. Euthanasia should be a freedom of choice in my opinion, it not only provides individuals relief from extreme pain, it allows them to die with dignity, and it frees up medical funds to help others that are in need. However, some individuals may feel that euthanasia would not only be for people who are â€Å"terminally ill,† it would become non-voluntary, and it it would become a means of health care cost containment. I do not claim to hold the answers to the difficult questions euthanasia raises, nor do I claim to be a pro euthanasia lobbyist. However, I do believe that if an individual is terminally ill and feel that their quality of life is not acceptable, he or she should have the right to choose to either let nature take its course, or choose euthanasia and die with dignity. Work Cited Braddock, Clarence. Physician-Assisted Suicide, Ethics in Medicine. 11 Apr 2008 Univ. of Washington School of Medicine 19 Apr 2008 http://depts. washington. edu/bioethx/topics/pas. html Dyck, Arthur. Life’s Worth: The Case Against Assisted Suicide Economy and Society. AD 2000 16. 2 05 March 2003 http://www. ad2000. com. au/articles/2003/march2003p17_1281. html Flemming, Rebecca. â€Å"Suicide, Euthanasia and Medicine: Reflections ancient and Modern† Economy and Society. 34. 2 (2005) 295-321 Ebscohost. Hazard Community and Technical Coll. Lib, Hazard, Ky. 19 Apr. 2008

Comaprative Economies essays

Comaprative Economies essays Understanding And Comparing Patterns Of Global Poverty And Inequality. Global poverty and economic inequality have become the source of a great deal of political and social concern in recent times. The co- existence of great wealth and abject poverty, both among and within countries has caused a great deal of controversy amongst world politicians and economists. Both these groups, politicians and economists, have claimed that the central goals of economic policy have always been both efficiency and equity. Unfortunately, despite this, it can be claimed with certainty that a) relative global and national inequality is increasing and b) that relative income of the poorest citizens of the world has declined absolutely. This rise in global inequality has resulted more so, because of a rise in economic inequality among countries rather than a rise in inequality within countries. As the 1995 (Table 7) World Bank Study on Distribution of Wealth shows, average per- capita income in the U.S is about 152 times greater than in Ethiopia and 62 times greater than India. Compare this with the mean income of the top 10% of the population in Brazil (which has one of the highest degree of national income inequality) as being only 50 times greater than that of the bottom 20%. Despite this until recently, for practical/ political purposes most of the emphasis laid on economic inequalities was at a national level. However, with the advent of the globalization culture which started in the 1980s there has been a slight but obvious drift by countries towards global poverty alleviation policies; since the importance of international relationships and systematic self- preservation were realized. In the first part of this paper, I will use different economic ideas and models that help in explaining the causes and sources of this widening gap between the rich and the poor countries. Since the time of Adam Smith, when he pre...

An Analysis of the Components of a Business Plan

An Analysis of the Components of a Business Plan The purpose of this paper is to analyze the different components of a business plan. Each part will be described in a brief overview, with more focus being put on specific sections. The Small Business Association has outlined each of the documents that make up the proposal on its website. This guideline provides accessibility and reference for businesses to create a roadmap of their own. One important document for any company to include in their business plan is an executive summary. This component informs readers of what your business does, where it is planning to go, and what will make the company successful. The contents of this abbreviated description varies depending on the stage of a business. A well-established company would include its mission statement; explaining what the business does and stands for. The executive summary would also contain financial information such as current investors, and increased growth/profits each year. A new business on the other hand, would describe the decisions and background leading to the startup of the new company as well as the owners’ experience. This information is intended to show potential investors why the company would succeed in its target market. Another key aspect of a business plan is the company description which reviews the different aspects of a business. This is where a company will explain what market their services or products will satisfy a need. Typically following the company description is a market analysis which describes the industry and target market for your business. This is where a company will describe their strengths, weaknesses, and other components of the competitive landscape within their target market. After this, a business will explain its organization and management structure which is an overview of the company’s internal hierarchy. This includes a detailed description of the owner and management team, with resumes for reference to experience. An extremely important part of a business plan is a company’s service or product line which explains their product or service and how it will benefit consumers. This section provides specific examples of how the business’s product or service will fulfill customers’ needs and why it supersedes any competitor’s products or services. Two important details to include in the service or product line is how long its life cycle is as well as any copyright or patents that have been obtained or are still pending approval. Along with copyright and patent information, it is imperative a company lists any legal agreements to be acknowledged by the public. Following the service or product line, a company should state their marketing and sales strategies implemented to make their business successful. This information includes detailed explanations of marketing, growth, distribution plans in addition to strategic sales force and sales activities. Most companies seek financing from a variety of investors and therefor, must specify in their funding request, what this money will be used towards. Information listed in this section includes current and future funding requirements, intended use of the money to remain transparent with potential investors. One of the last pieces to include in a business plan is the financial projections, this is a company’s opportunity to demonstrate its current fiscal data and forecasted projections for coming years. Important points to reference are financial details from previous years such as statements, income and expense sheets, as well as collateral to use for loans. Companies must ensure the projections match funding requests to prevent prospective creditors from finding inconsistencies. Using graphs to represent positive economic growth, most businesses are able to successfully showcase their initiative to potential investors. The final piece to include in a business plan is the appendix, which contains all reference documents, such as product pictures, credit history, licenses and permits, legal contracts, and reference letters. To conclude, a business plan has multiple components that serve as an overview of a company’s proposal to attract customers and investors alike. Each section contains vital information to a business’s marketing and organizational analysis and strategies, funding requests, product or service features, and an overall company description. This plan provides detailed information regarding a company’s business model and future projections. The different information listed lends transparency between a business and the public.

Take home exam 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Take home exam 1 - Assignment Example As we hear those patterns repeatedly, they become strengthened in our mind thus being able to learn the language. The model is exemplar-based pointing out that it’s the examples in what we hear that form the backbone of patterns that we extract. Learning is an instance of study and not induction of rules. Connectionism includes different network constructions which include parallel distributed processing. Parallel distributed processing network includes nodes with pathways that strengthen with use. The more we use a particular pathway, the more it becomes strong and vice-versa. Larsen Freeman suggests that the rate at which something happens is a major factor in learning a new language a claim supported by N.Ellis and Schmidt (Gass & Selinker, 2008, p. 220). Also, the easy with which one learns the second language depends on how strongly the network of the native language is established. In an experiment performed by Sokolik and Smith (1992) on learning of noun gender in French, it was concluded that the easy which one could learn depended on age with young people learning more easily. From this, it’s important to note that the network of the native is not as strong in younger people which enhances learning of the L2. Similarly, Stephen Krashen developed five hypotheses that helped to understand the learning of the second language: The Acquisition- learning hypothesis, Monitor hypothesis, Natural Order hypothesis, the Input hypothesis and the Affective Filter hypothesis. In the Acquisition-learning hypothesis, he suggests two ways of developing one’s language; by acquisition which entails taking in of knowledge subconsciously and storing it in the brain and by learning a language which takes the form of instructing the language in a formal setting as in a classroom. According to this assessment, the best way to learn a language is through natural communication. In addition, monitor hypothesis seeks to correct errors in utterances. Krashen